TOFD

Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD)

An ultrasonic testing method that provides a high probability of detection and precise flaw sizing on welds.

TOFD is an advanced ultrasonic testing method in which flaw height and depth are determined with high accuracy from the ultrasonic waves diffracted at the tips of discontinuities within a weld.

Used together with PAUT, particularly on thick-walled pressure vessels, pipelines and critical weld applications, it provides high reliability.

Typical Applications

  • Thick-walled weld inspection
  • Pressure vessel and pipe welds
  • Crack height measurement
  • In-service crack monitoring
  • Combined PAUT + TOFD inspection packages

Why TOFD (Time-of-Flight Diffraction)?

  • Excellent crack-height sizing accuracy
  • Fast, single-pass volumetric coverage
  • Orientation-independent flaw detection
  • Recordable digital data set

Standards & Codes We Work To

EN ISO 10863EN ISO 15626ASME BPVC Section V, Article 4EN ISO 16828
FAQ

Frequently Asked Questions

TOFD excels at sizing and detecting mid-wall flaws but has near-surface dead zones; PAUT covers those zones and adds angular detail. Together they give near-complete weld coverage with strong sizing.

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